In 2025, mining regulations in Russia moved beyond paper and began to be enforced in practice. The basic legal framework established by Federal Law No. 221-FZ dated 08.08.2024 became the foundation for new administrative and tax requirements. For many miners, this meant transitioning to a more formalized operation with registries, reporting obligations, and increased attention to the legal compliance of their activities.
Key Changes in Mining in 2025
Legislative Regulation of Mining
Federal Law No. 221-FZ dated 08.08.2024 set out the main rules for mining, after which practical implementation began in 2025. Based on this, mandatory registries and requirements for formalizing activities are being developed, changing the interaction format between miners, infrastructure operators, and regulatory authorities. Preparing and correctly structuring contracts and accounting became more important than before.
Tax Changes and Reporting
From 01.01.2025, amendments to Federal Law No. 418-FZ dated 29.11.2024 (Tax Code of the Russian Federation) came into effect, impacting the tax framework for mining. Transitioning to the new rules raises questions about accounting for the date and volume of receipts, methods for confirming expenses, and the accuracy of primary documents. Additionally, according to Government Decree No. 1466 dated 01.11.2024, miners are required to submit specific reports, and errors in these create ongoing risks in disputes with tax authorities.
Energy Consumption Requirements
Energy considerations became a key regulatory focus in 2025: regions and operators increasingly take network load into account when approving sites. As a result, miners must pay attention not only to tariffs but also to the source, stability, and formalization of electricity supply. This affects site selection and the need to formalize contracts with energy providers.
Responsibilities of Mining Infrastructure Operators
Operators are required to provide client information under current legislation, with the format and content of data defined by regulatory acts. In particular, Federal Tax Service Order No. ED-7-15/429@ dated 28.04.2025 specifies the data transmission format, making reporting procedures more formalized. For miners, this means increased transparency of operations and the need to be prepared for data exchange with regulatory bodies.
Forecasts for 2026
Ban on Mining in Registered Data Centers
Starting 01.03.2026, regulations prohibiting mining in data centers included in the official registry will come into force. The practical implication is that sites granted "registered data center" status will not be allowed to host mining equipment. Site owners and tenants should verify the status and placement conditions of their sites in advance to avoid unexpected shutdowns.
Increased Oversight by the Central Bank
The Central Bank plans to receive data on miners from 2026, implying enhanced interagency information exchange and heightened transparency requirements regarding the origin of funds. For miners, this means greater emphasis on compliance procedures and accurate reporting, as well as careful handling of documents confirming the legality of operations. In some cases, increased oversight may necessitate formalizing business processes and energy sources.
Stricter Liability for Violations
The texts discuss intentions to strengthen liability for violations and illegal mining; however, at the time of review, these remain proposals pending final law versions. Nevertheless, such signals indicate increased risks for those operating without formal registration. Existing regulations already influence enforcement practices, including administrative and other measures.
Why This Matters
If you mine in Russia, even with a small farm, the new rules change the overall approach: the focus shifts to documentation and operational transparency. This is important not only for large sites but also for private miners, as reporting and data submission requirements apply broadly across the market. Compliance reduces risks of shutdowns, fines, and disputes with regulatory authorities.
What to Do?
For miners with 1–1000 devices, it is sensible to start with simple, concrete steps: organize primary documents, review electricity supply and taxation contracts, and confirm the sources of purchased electricity. This minimizes administrative risks and simplifies compliance with reporting requirements established by Government Decree No. 1466.
Next, assess your site: verify whether it falls under the "registered data center" status and, if necessary, reconsider placement options. If planning to scale or relocate, it is useful to study materials on key 2025 outcomes and mining legalization procedures to compare options and understand requirements.
Mining Relocation to CIS Countries
Relocation remains an option for those considering alternatives for farm placement, but decisions depend on legal, technical, and energy factors. When comparing countries, it is important to consider registration requirements, energy supply, and possible restrictions on mining in data centers. When moving or transferring capacities, it is essential to work out legal aspects and contractual relations with local providers in advance.
Additional Materials
If you want to delve deeper into liability for illegal mining practices, pay attention to the material on criminal liability. These resources help assess risks and prepare for regulatory changes.